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 1950–The comic strip “Peanuts,” by Charles Schulz, makes it debut in seven newspapers. The strip, for the United Features Syndicate, has only three characters at its inception: Charlie Brown, Peppermint Patty, and Shermy. The world’s most famous beagle, Snoopy, made his first appearance on October 4th. Later, we were introduced to Linus, Lucy Van Pelt, Sally, and Schroeder, and learned that the “Peanuts” gang came from the California town of Sebastopol, which really exists.
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 BC 322–Aristotle dies of natural causes in Euboea, Greece, at age 62.
534–King Athalaric of Italy dies at age 18.
829–Theophilos (813–842), succeeds his father, Michael II, as Byzantine Emperor.
939–At the Battle of Andernach, King Otto I crushes a rebellion against his rule, by a coalition of Eberhard of Franconia and other Frankish dukes.
1187–Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule.
1263–The battle of Largs is fought between Norwegians and Scots.
1264–Pope Urban IV dies in Perugia, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire, at age 69.
1452–Richard III of England is born at Fotheringhay Castle in Northamptonshire, England. He was the last king of the House of York and the last of the Plantagenet dynasty. His defeat at Bosworth Field, the last decisive battle of the Wars of the Roses, marked the end of the Middle Ages in England. He is the subject of the fictional historical play, Richard III, by William Shakespeare.
 1470–A rebellion, organized by Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, forces King Edward IV of England to flee to the Netherlands, restoring Henry VI to the throne.
1528–William Tyndale, renowned English Reformer and Bible translator, publishes his famous work The Obedience of a Christian Man.
1535–Jacques Cartier discovers the area that is present-day Montreal, Canada.
1552–The Conquest of Kazan is made by Ivan the Terrible.
1629–Cardinal and theologian, Pierre de Bérulle, dies while celebrating Mass in Paris, France, at age 54. He was one of the most important mystics is France in the 17th century. He was the founder of the French school of spirituality, who could count among his friends and disciples Vincent de Paul and Francis de Sales.
1764–Politician, William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire, dies in Spa, Austrian Netherlands, at age 44. He was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
1780–John André, a British Army officer of the American Revolutionary War, is hanged as a spy by American forces.
1789–George Washington sends proposed Constitutional amendments (The United States Bill of Rights) to the States for ratification.
 1798–Charles Albert of Sardinia (1831-1849) is born in Palazzo Carignano, Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia. He abdicated after his forces were defeated by the Imperial Austrian Army at the Battle of Novara, and died in exile soon thereafter.
1800–Slave, Nat Turner, is born in Southampton County, Virginia. He led a rebellion of slaves and free blacks on August 21, 1831, that resulted in 60 white deaths. He led a group of other slave followers, carrying farm implements on a killing spree. As they went from Plantation to Plantation they gathered horses and guns, and freed other slaves along the way, recruiting other blacks that wanted to join their revolt. At the end of their rebellion, they were accused of the deaths of 50 white people. Turner hid successfully for two months. When found, he was quickly tried, convicted, sentenced to death, and hanged.
1803–Politician and philosopher, Samuel Adams, dies in Cambridge, Massachusetts, at age 81. He was the fourth Governor of Massachusetts. He was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. As a politician in colonial Massachusetts, Adams was a leader of the movement that became the American Revolution, and was one of the architects of the principles of American republicanism that shaped the political culture of the United States. He was a second cousin to President John Adams.
1814–Spanish Royalists troops, under Mariano Osorio, defeats the rebel Chilean forces of Bernardo O'Higgins and José Miguel Carrera.
1835–The Texas Revolution begins with the Battle of Gonzales, as Mexican soldiers attempt to disarm the people of Gonzales, Texas. They encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia.
 1847–Politician, Paul von Hindenburg, is born in Posen, Duchy of Posen, Prussia (present-day Poznan, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland). He was the second President of Germany (1925-1934). The famed zeppelin, the Hindenburg, that was destroyed by fire in 1937, was named in his honor, as was the Hindenburgdamm, a causeway joining the island of Sylt to mainland Schleswig-Holstein, that was built during his time in office.
1864–In the American Civil War, Union forces attack Saltville, Virginia, but are defeated by Confederate troops.
1869–Religious and political leader, Mohandas Gandhi, is born in Porbandar, Kathiawad, India. As a young man he went to England to study law. After being admitted to the bar, he accepted a position in South Africa, as the legal representative for a firm of Moslems. While traveling in the first-class compartment of the train, he was asked by a white man to leave. This experience of racial discrimination pointed him down the path of political activism, guided by the concept of “satyagraha,” or soul force.
1889–In Colorado, Nicholas Creede strikes it rich in silver during the last great silver boom of the American Old West.
1890–Comedian-actor, Groucho Marx, is born Julius Marx in New York, New York. Although a master of slapstick, he was also an intellectual who corresponded with the likes of T.S. Eliot. He is the best known of The Marx Brothers, whose films include The Cocoanuts, Animal Crackers, Monkey Business, Horse Feathers, Duck Soup, A Night at the Opera, A Day at the Races, Room Service, At the Circus, and Go West. He also hosted the popular TV game show You Bet Your Life. He was known as a master of quick wit and is widely considered one of the best comedians of the modern era. His brothers are fellow-comedians, Chico Marx, Harpo Marx, Gummo Marx, and Zeppo Marx.
 1895–Comedian and actor, Bud Abbott, is born William Alexander Abbott in Asbury Park, New Jersey. His parents, Rae (Fisher) and Harry Abbott, had worked for the Barnum & Bailey Circus. Abbott crossed paths with comic, Lou Costello, in Burlesque a few times in the early 1930s. They formally teamed up in 1936, after an illness sidelined Costello's regular partner. They went on to perform together in Burlesque, Vaudeville, minstrel shows, and stage shows. During World War II, Abbott and Costello were among the most popular and highest-paid stars in the world. The duo is best known for their classic comedy routine, “Who’s On First?” In the 1950s, they introduced their comedy to live television on The Colgate Comedy Hour, and launched their own half-hour series The Abbott and Costello Show.
1904–Author and playwright, (Henry) Graham Greene, is born in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, England. He is regarded as one of the greatest writers of the 20th century. His works include Brighton Rock, The Confidential Agent, The Power and the Glory, The Third Man, The End of the Affair, The Quiet American, Our Man in Havana, Travels with My Aunt, and The Human Factor.
1904–Politician, Lal Bahadur Shastri, is born in Varanasi, United Provinces, British Raj (present-day Uttar Pradesh, India). He was the second Prime Minister of India.
 1915–Businessman, Chuck Williams, is born Charles Edward Williams in northern Florida. He founded Williams-Sonoma, Inc. The company filled a niche in the cookware market, as European cookware was difficult to buy in America at the time. He moved his operations to San Francisco, California, in 1958. More than a decade later, in 1971, Williams-Sonoma introduced its first cookware catalog. Soon after, the business began expanding to more locations and now includes over 200 stores nationwide.
1919–President Woodrow Wilson suffers a massive stroke, leaving him partially paralyzed.
1925–John Logie Baird performs the first test of a working television system.
1927–Singer-musician, Leon Rausch, of Bob Wills and the Texas Playboys, is born Edgar Leon Rauch in Billings, Missouri.
1928–The "Prelature of the Holy Cross and the Work of God," commonly known as Opus Dei, is founded by Josemaría Escrivá.
1928–George "Spanky" McFarland, child actor in the Our Gang and The Little Rascals comedies, is born George Robert Phillips McFarland in Denison, Texas.
 1929–Actor, Moses Gunn, is born in St. Louis, Missouri. He appeared in the films The Great White Hope, Shaft, The Iceman Cometh, Rollerball, Roots, Ragtime, The Neverending Story, Heartbreak Ridge, and The Women of Brewster Place.
1931–Thomas Johnston Lipton, grocer and tea merchant, dies in London, England, at age 83. He was of Ulster-Scots parentage and a self-made man and yachtsman. He engaged in extensive advertising for his chain of grocery stores and his brand of Lipton teas.
1932–Baseball player, manager, and sportscaster, Maury Wills, is born Maurice Morning Wills in Washington, D.C. He played for the Los Angeles Dodgers from 1959-1966 and 1969-1772, Pittsburgh Pirates from 1967-1968, and Montreal Expos in 1969.
1933–Singer, Dave Somerville, of The Diamonds, is born David Sommerville in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. The vocal group’s biggest hit was Little Darlin.
1937–Dominican Republic strongman, Rafael Trujillo, orders the execution of the Haitian population living within the borderlands. Approximately 20,000 people are killed over the next five days.
1937–Attorney, Johnnie Cochran, is born Johnnie L Cochran, Jr. in Shreveport, Louisiana. He is best known for his leadership role in the defense and criminal acquittal of O.J. Simpson for the murder of his former wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and her friend, Ronald Goldman.
1938–Nick Gravenites, of Big Brother and the Holding Company, is born Nicholas George Gravenites in Chicago, Illinois.
1938–Film critic, Rex (Taylor) Reed, is born in Fort Worth, Texas. He co-hosted the syndicated TV show At the Movies.
 1941–During World War II, in Operation Typhoon, Germany begins an all-out offensive against Moscow, Russia.
1942–The ocean Liner RMS Queen Mary accidentally rams and sinks her own escort ship, HMS Curacoa, off the coast of Ireland.
1944–In World War II, German troops end the Warsaw Uprising.
1945–Singer-songwriter, Don McLean, is born in New Rochelle, New York. His biggest hit is American Pie, which was #1 for four weeks in 1972. The song is inspired by the death of Buddy Holly, “the day the music died.”
1946–Accordionist and singer-songwriter, Jo-El Sonnier, is born in Rayne, Louisiana. He plays both Country and Cajun music. Sonnier made the Billboard “Top Ten Country” charts in the 1980s with his song No More One More Time. In 2015, he won the Grammy for the Best Regional Roots Music Album for The Legacy, Sonnier's first traditional Cajun French album in nearly 14 years.
1947–Mathematician and philosopher, P.D. Ouspensky, dies in Lyne Place, Surrey, England, at age 69. He was an esotericist known for his expositions of the early work of the Greek-Armenian teacher of esoteric doctrine, George Gurdjieff, whom he met in Moscow, Russia, in 1915. After Ouspensky broke away from Gurdjieff, he taught the "Fourth Way," as he understood it, to his independent groups.
 1948–Fashion designer, Donna Karan, is born Donna Ivy Faske in Forest Hills, Queens, New York. She is the creator of the Donna Karan New York and DKNY clothing labels. She worked for Anne Klein until she launched her label in 1985. Karan developed an “Essentials” line of mix and match pieces, stating that she would only design clothing she would wear herself. In 1988, Karan added the DKNY line of less expensive clothing for younger women. A denim collection followed two years later. In the 1990s, she added the Signature line of men's fashions and her DKNY for men collection.
1948–Actress, Persis Khambatta, is born in Bombay, Bombay State, India. She is best known for the role of Lieutenant Ilia in the 1979 feature film Star Trek: The Motion Picture.
1949–The Soviet Union recognises the People's Republic of China, proclaimed the previous day by Mao Zedong.
1949–Photographer, Annie Leibovitz, is born Anna-Lou Leibovitz, in Waterbury, Connecticut. From her hundreds of photographs and countless advertising campaigns, she has become known as “the portraitist of the rock generation.” She is responsible for many of the stylized portraits of celebrities which appeared in Rolling Stone and Vanity Fair magazine in the 1970s through the 1990s. In 1991, the National Portrait Gallery honored her with a 20-year retrospective of her work, only the second time this had been done for a living photographer.
1950–The comic strip “Peanuts,” by Charles Schulz, makes it debut in seven newspapers. The strip, for the United Features Syndicate, has only three characters at its inception: Charlie Brown, Peppermint Patty, and Shermy. The world’s most famous beagle, Snoopy, made his first appearance on October 4th. Later, we were introduced to Linus, Lucy Van Pelt, Sally, and Schroeder, and learned that the “Peanuts” gang came from the California town of Sebastopol, which really exists.
 1950–Mike Rutherford, of Genesis and Mike + The Mechanics, is born Michael John Cloete Crawford Rutherford in Portsmouth, Hampshire, England.
1951–Rock musician, Sting, is born Gordon Matthew Thomas Sumner is born in Wallsend, Tyne & Wear, England. He was the principal songwriter, lead singer, and bass player for the rock trio, The Police, from 1977 to 1983. He then launched a solo career. The Police had hits with Roxanne, Synchronicity, and Every Breath You Take. Sting scored solo hits with If You Love Somebody Set Them Free, Fortress Around Your Heart, and Englishman in New York. He appeared in the films Quadrophenia, Brimstone and Treacle, Dune, Plenty, The Bride, The Adventures of Baron Munchausen, Stormy Monday, and Julia and Julia. He is married to actress, Trudie Styler.
1952–The United Kingdom joins the United States and the USSR in the atomic age, by exploding a nuclear fission bomb.
1954–Actress, Lorraine Bracco, is born in Brooklyn, New York. She is best known for the role of Dr. Jennifer Melfi on the HBO series The Sopranos. She has appeared in the films The Pick-Up Artist, Someone to Watch Over Me, The Dream Team, Sea of Love, Goodfellas, Switch, Medicine Man, Radio Flyer, The Basketball Diaries, and Riding in Cars with Boys. She was married to actor, Edward James Olmos.
1955–The TV series Alfred Hitchcock Presents debuts on CBS-TV. The show’s unforgettable theme song is The Funeral March of a Marionette. Among the stars who appeared in episodes are Joann Woodward, Steve McQueen, Peter Lorre, Dick Van Dyke, Robert Redford, and Peter Fonda.
 1957–Specialty Records releases Larry Williams’ classic Bony Maronie.
1958–Guinea declares its independence from France.
1959–The TV series, The Twilight Zone, makes it debut on CBS-TV.
1964–The Beatles rehearse for an appearance on the U.S. television pop music show Shindig! Producer Jack Good was in England to tape an all-British show, which will also include Sandie Shaw, The Karl Denver Trio, Tommy Quickly, Sounds Incorporated, Lyn Cornell, and P.J. Proby. The actual taping is scheduled for the following day.
1964–Brian Epstein’s book, A Cellarful Of Noise, is published in Britain.
1965–The teen music show, Shindig!, features The Who, The Four Tops, and Gerry & the Pacemakers.
 1967–Thurgood Marshall is sworn in as the first African-American Justice of U.S. Supreme Court.
1967–Police raid the Grateful Dead's house at 710 Ashbury Street in San Francisco, California, and bust the band's members on charges of marijuana possession. They are released on bail after six hours in jail and later cleared of the charges, as the police had failed to obtain a search warrant.
1968–A peaceful student demonstration in Mexico City, Mexico, culminates in the Tlatelolco massacre by the order of President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz: soldiers kill unarmed students, hiding the event from the public eye. The 1968 Summer Olympics, hosted in Mexico City, would start 10 days after the massacre.
1968–Modern artist, Marcel Duchamp, dies of heart failure in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, at age 81. His Nude Descending a Staircase shocked art patrons first in France, followed by the more liberal-minded audience at the Armory Show in New York City. Duchamp got his inspiration for the painting from the French engineer Marais' studies of motion. He would later become known for his visual commentary on the uniformity of mass-production, in the display of his “ready-mades” (shovels, brooms, etc.) as art, preceding Andy Warhol's similar artistic commentary by nearly half a century.
 1970–A plane carrying the Wichita State University football team, administrators, and supporters, crashes in Colorado, killing 31 people.
1970–Actress and talk show host, Kelly (Maria) Ripa, is born in Stratford, New Jersey. She is known for the role of Hayley Vaughan on the soap opera All My Children, and she has been the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show Live! with Kelly and Michael.
1971–A chart topper: Maggie May by Rod Stewart.
1971–Pop singer, Tiffany, is born in Norwalk, California. She had a big hit with her remake of I Think We’re Alone Now, originally recorded by Tommy James and the Shondells in 1967.
1979–Pope John Paul II denounces all forms of concentration camps and torture, while speaking at the United Nations in New York City.
1980–Michael Myers becomes the first member to be expelled, from either chamber of U.S. Congress, since the Civil War.
 1985–Actor, Rock Hudson, dies of AIDS in Beverly Hills, California, at age 59. He is generally known for his tall, dark, and handsome looks, and his roles as a leading man in the 1950s and 1960s. He appeared in the films Here Come the Nelsons, Magnificent Obsession, All That Heaven Allows, Giant, Written on the Wind, Battle Hymn, A Farewell to Arms, This Earth is Mine, Pillow Talk, Come September, Lover Come Back, Man’s Favorite Sport?, Send Me No Flowers, Strange Bedfellows, Seconds, Ice Station Zebra, Darling Lili, Pretty Maids All in a Row, and The Mirror Crack’d.
1986–The Everly Brothers receive a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
1990–Xiamen Airlines Flight 8301 is hijacked and lands at Guangzhou, China, where it crashes into two other airliners on the ground, killing 128 people.
1991–Patriarch Demetrios I of Constantinople dies in Phanar, Istanbul, Turkey, at age 77.
 1992–The Carandiru massacre takes place after a riot in the Carandiru Penitentiary in São Paulo, Brazil.
1994–Actress and singer, Harriet Nelson, dies of congestive heart failure in Laguna Beach, California, at age 85. She is best known for her co-starring role on the long-running sitcom The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet. She appeared in the films Follow the Fleet, Sweetheart of the Campus, and Here Come The Nelsons.
1996–The Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments are signed by President Bill Clinton.
1996–Aeroperú Flight 603, a Boeing 757, crashes into the Pacific Ocean shortly after takeoff from Lima, Peru, killing 70 people.
 1998–Cowboy actor and singer, Gene Autry, dies of lymphoma in Studio City, California, at age 91. He was a performer who gained fame as a singing cowboy on the radio, in movies, and on television for more than three decades beginning in the early 1930s. From 1934 to 1953, Autry appeared in 93 films and 91 episodes of The Gene Autry Show TV series. In addition to his signature song, Back in the Saddle Again, Autry is still remembered for his Christmas holiday songs Here Comes Santa Claus, Frosty the Snowman, and Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer.
2001–NATO backs U.S. military strikes following the attack on the World Trade Center on 9/11.
2001–A tribute concert called “Come Together: A Night For John Lennon’s Words and Music,” is held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City. The charity proceeds go to support the various fund drives for those devastated by the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11th.
2002–The Beltway sniper attacks begin, extending over three weeks.
2005–The Ethan Allen tour boat capsizes on Lake George in upstate New York, killing 20 people.
 2005–Comedian, Nipsey Russell, dies of stomach cancer in New York, New York, at age 87. He is best known for his appearances as a guest panelist on game shows from the 1960s through the 1990s, including Match Game, Password, Hollywood Squares, To Tell the Truth, and Pyramid.
2006–Five school girls are murdered by Charles Carl Roberts in a shooting at an Amish school in Nickel Mines, Pennsylvania. Roberts then commits suicide.
2007–President Roh Moo-hyun of South Korea walks across the Military Demarcation Line into North Korea, on his way to the second Inter-Korean Summit with North Korean leader, Kim Jong-il.
2007–Princess Katherine of Greece and Denmark dies in London, England, at age 94. Princess Katherine of Greece and Denmark is born in Athens, Greece. She was the third daughter and youngest child of King Constantine I of Greece and Sophia of Prussia. Her paternal grandparents were King George I of Greece (child of King Christian IX of Denmark) and Olga Konstantinovna of Russia. Her maternal grandparents were Frederick III, German Emperor, and the Empress Victoria (the eldest child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert).
2015–Politician, Eric Arturo Delvalle, dies in Cleveland, Ohio, at age 78. He was President of Panama from September 28, 1985 to February 26, 1988. In 1988, he attempted to remove Noriega as head of the armed forces, but was himself deposed by the Legislative Assembly, going into hiding, and eventually exile.
2016–Kim Kardashian West is held at gunpoint and robbed inside her hotel room in Paris, France, by two men dressed as police officers. The thieves made off with millions of dollars worth of jewelry, leaving the scene on bicycles.
2016–Vin Scully, broadcaster for the Brooklyn and Los Angeles Dodgers since 1950, calls his final game.
2016–The Atlanta Braves play their final game at Turner Field. They plan to move to the new SunTrust Park for the 2017 season.
2016–Dozens of people are killed in a stampede at a religious festival in Bishoftu, Ethiopia, after police attacked Oromo protestors at the event.
 2016–A Japanese man is suspected of killing as many as 48 elderly patients at the Oguchi Hospital in Yokohama.
2016–Prominent Dutch photographer and war correspondent, Jeroen Oerlemans, is shot dead by an ISIL sniper in Sirte, Libya, at age 46.
2017–Thirty-thousand North Korean rocket propelled grenades are seized off the coast of Egypt by American forces after being purchased by Egyptian business executives for $23 million.
2017–Musician, Tom Petty, dies of a heart attack in Santa Monica, California, at age 66. He was best known as the lead singer of Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, but was also a member and co-founder of the late 1980s supergroup, The Traveling Wilburys. Heartbreakers hits include American Girl, Don't Do Me Like That, Refugee, I Won't Back Down, and Free Fallin'.
PHOTOS TOP TO BOTTOM: Aristotle; Montreal, Canada; Samuel Adams; Mohandas Gandhi; Bud Abbott; Chuck Williams; Maury Wills; Don McLean; Annie Leibovitz; Sting; opening title for The Twilight Zone; the Grateful Dead's house at 710 Ashbury Street in San Francisco, California; Kelly Ripa; Rock Hudson; Harriet Nelson; Gene Autry; Nipsey Russell; and Tom Petty.
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